Bariatric surgery procedures have broadly been grouped into two types- restrictive and malabsorptive. Whereas restrictive procedures just reduce the size of stomach either temporarily or permanently thereby restricting the intake of food, malabsorptive procedures reduce the effective length of the intestines leading to reduced absorption.
Restrictive procedures can lead to nausea and vomiting in the initial phase and are preferred for younger patients who are big eaters. They curtail appetite and lead to more discipline in eating. Malabsorptive procedures on the other hand cause less vomiting but can lead to increased stool frequency and oily stools. They are preferred for older people with metabolic syndrome. They help boost the metabolic rate and also help in blood sugar control.
Patients undergoing restrictive procedures are advised to avoid hard, fibrous foods snd fizzy drinks as they can cause bloating and indigestion. People with malabsorptive procedures should avoid sugary foods as it can lead to dumping syndrome.
People undergoing any bariatric procedure are prescribed protein and vitamin supplements but those with malabsorptive procedures are generally required to take supplements for a longer duration.
Overall, the weight loss efficacy may be similar for both restrictive and malabsorptive procedures and ultimately depends upon the lifestyle changes adopted by the patients.